In New Jersey, e-bikes fall under Title 39, specifically N.J.S.A. 39:4-14.16, which defines them as two- or three-wheeled vehicles with operable pedals and an electric motor, and outlines regulations for their use. Low-speed e-bikes (Class 1 & 2) are generally permitted on streets and bike paths, require no license or registration, and must follow the same rules as bicycles. Riders under 17 must wear helmets. A key characteristic is the permanently affixed label required by manufacturers, indicating the bike's classification, top assisted speed, and motor wattage.
Key Statutes and Regulations
- N.J.S.A. 39:4-14.16:This is the primary statute governing low-speed electric bicycles and scooters.
- Classification: E-bikes are classified based on their motor's power and assisted speed.
- Class 1: Pedal-assist only, up to 20 mph.
- Class 2: Throttle-assisted, up to 20 mph.
- Class 3: Pedal-assist only, up to 28 mph (often called "speed pedelecs").
- Labeling Requirements: Manufacturers must apply a permanent label showing the classification, top assisted speed, and motor wattage of the e-bike.
- No Tampering: It is illegal to tamper with an e-bike to change its motor-powered speed capability or engagement unless the label is appropriately replaced.
Operation and Riding Rules
- Roads and Paths: You can ride your e-bike on streets, highways, roadways, and bicycle paths, unless local governments restrict them.
- Sidewalks: You may park on sidewalks, but only if you don't block the movement of pedestrians or other traffic.
- Bicycle Rules Apply: All New Jersey statutes, rules, and regulations applicable to bicycles generally apply to low-speed e-bikes.
Licensing, Registration, and Insurance
- No License/Registration: Low-speed e-bikes do not require a driver's license, registration, or proof of insurance from the state.
- Helmets: While not state-wide, riders under the age of 17 are required to wear a helmet.
Important Considerations
- "Motorized Bicycle" vs. "Low-Speed Electric Bicycle" :Be aware that a "motorized bicycle" (e.g., a moped) is different and has stricter requirements, including an age minimum of 15, a valid driver's license or specialized license, and registration and insurance.